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Cancer vaccine is one of the main methods of cancer immunotherapy and prevention
.
Recently, a research team led by Professor Liu Mi from the Department of Pharmacy of the School of Pharmacy of Soochow University published a research paper online in Advanced Materials, reporting a method for preparing a universal cancer vaccine
The current results obtained in mouse model experiments show that the prepared nano-vaccine can prevent lung cancer 100%, and the prevention and cure rate of melanoma can reach 70%.
In addition, it can effectively treat melanoma and triple-negative breast cancer
.
Professor Liu Mi introduced that the research team has applied for more than 10 international and domestic invention patents for the preparation method of the nano-vaccine, related vaccine system and pharmaceutical dosage system
.
▲(a) Schematic diagram of reorganizing whole cell components of cancer cells or tumor tissues into nano-vaccine; (b) Preparation scheme of reorganizing whole-cell components of cancer cells or tumor tissues into nano-vaccine; (c) Nano vaccine causes cancer cells Diagram of the mechanism of specific immune response
.
(Image source: Reference [1])
According to the researchers, the limitations of traditional vaccine preparation techniques make it impossible to prepare cancer vaccines containing whole-cell components of cancer cells and tumor tissues
.
Because many non-water-soluble components in whole cell components cannot be loaded into vaccine dosage forms for effective drug delivery
In order to solve the above limitations, this study used 8M urea to solubilize the non-water-soluble components produced by the lysis of cancer cells or tumor tissues, and loaded both the water-soluble and non-water-soluble components in the nano-vaccine.
The whole cell components of the cell or tumor tissue are reorganized into a nano-vaccine (a and b above)
.
In order to maximize the loading of cancer antigens, whole cell components are loaded on the inside and on the surface of the nano-vaccine at the same time
.
Immune adjuvants and whole-cell components are co-loaded in the nano-vaccine to enhance the ability of the nano-vaccine to activate antigen-specific T cells
The results of cancer prevention experiments show that the nano-vaccine prepared by this method can prevent 100% of lung cancer in mice and 70% of melanoma
.
The results of cancer therapeutic experiments found that the nano-vaccine can effectively treat melanoma and triple-negative breast cancer in mice, and can make some mice (25%) heal
▲The vaccination process and experimental results of the nano-vaccine to prevent lung cancer and melanoma (picture source: reference [1])
Researchers have also explored the mechanism by which this nano-vaccine induces a specific immune response
.
They found that the nano-vaccine can efficiently induce tumor-specific T cells, and at the same time activate the adaptive and innate immune response against tumor cells
In addition, the nano-vaccine increased the content of central memory T cells (Tcm), effector memory T cells (Tem) and tissue-resident memory T cells (Trm) in mice
.
In this way, the mice have long-term immune memory that can recognize and kill cancer cells
Note: The original text has been deleted
Reference materials:
[1] Lin Ma et al.
