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▎Editor of WuXi AppTec's content team Cancer vaccine is one of the main methods of cancer immunotherapy and prevention
.
Recently, a research team led by Professor Liu Mi from the Department of Pharmacy of the School of Pharmacy of Soochow University published a research paper online in Advanced Materials, reporting a method for preparing a universal cancer vaccine
.
This method reassembles the whole cell components of cancer cells or tumor tissues into a nano-scale vaccine through PLGA nanoparticles, which is used for the prevention and immunotherapy of various types of cancer
.
The current results obtained in mouse model experiments show that the prepared nano-vaccine can prevent lung cancer 100%, and the prevention and cure rate of melanoma can reach 70%.
In addition, it can effectively treat melanoma and triple-negative breast cancer
.
Professor Liu Mi introduced that the research team has applied for more than 10 international and domestic invention patents for the preparation method of the nano-vaccine, related vaccine system and pharmaceutical dosage system
.
▲(a) Schematic diagram of reorganizing whole cell components of cancer cells or tumor tissues into nano-vaccine; (b) Preparation scheme of reorganizing whole-cell components of cancer cells or tumor tissues into nano-vaccine; (c) Nano vaccine causes cancer cells Diagram of the mechanism of specific immune response
.
(Image source: Reference [1]) According to the researchers, the limitations of traditional vaccine preparation techniques make it impossible to prepare cancer vaccines with whole-cell components of cancer cells and tumor tissues
.
Because many of the non-water-soluble components in the whole cell component cannot be loaded into the vaccine dosage form for effective drug delivery
.
However, a large number of non-water-soluble components (such as membrane proteins) contain many cancer-specific and cancer-related mutations and neo-antigens (Neo-antigens), which can provide important antigens for the immune system to recognize and eliminate cancer cells
.
In order to solve the above limitations, this study used 8M urea to solubilize the non-water-soluble components produced by the lysis of cancer cells or tumor tissues, and loaded both the water-soluble and non-water-soluble components in the nano-vaccine.
The whole cell components of the cell or tumor tissue are reorganized into a nano-vaccine (a and b above)
.
In order to maximize the loading of cancer antigens, whole cell components are loaded on the inside and on the surface of the nano-vaccine at the same time
.
Immune adjuvants and whole-cell components are co-loaded in the nano-vaccine to enhance the ability of the nano-vaccine to activate antigen-specific T cells
.
Antigen-presenting cells (APCs) like to swallow nano-scale substances, so nano-vaccines are more likely to be swallowed by antigen-presenting cells and activate cancer-specific immune responses (above c)
.
The results of cancer prevention experiments show that the nano-vaccine prepared by this method can prevent 100% of lung cancer in mice and 70% of melanoma
.
The results of cancer therapeutic experiments found that the nano-vaccine can effectively treat melanoma and triple-negative breast cancer in mice, and can make some mice (25%) heal
.
The use of anti-PD-1 antibody at the same time can increase the cure rate of the nano-vaccine in the treatment of melanoma tumor-bearing mice to 40%
.
In addition, metformin can further improve the therapeutic effect of nano-vaccine
.
▲The vaccination process and experimental results of the nano-vaccine to prevent lung cancer and melanoma (picture source: reference [1]) Researchers have also explored the mechanism of the nano-vaccine causing a specific immune response
.
They found that the nano-vaccine can efficiently induce tumor-specific T cells, and at the same time activate the adaptive and innate immune response against tumor cells
.
Fluorescence multi-target immunoassay analysis shows that nano-vaccine promotes the formation of tertiary lymphatic structure in the tumor site by increasing the content of immune cells, especially B cells, in the tumor microenvironment.
Recent studies have shown that the formation of tertiary lymphatic structure in the tumor site It is essential for the effect of cancer immunotherapy
.
In addition, the nano-vaccine increased the content of central memory T cells (Tcm), effector memory T cells (Tem) and tissue-resident memory T cells (Trm) in mice
.
In this way, the mice have long-term immune memory that can recognize and kill cancer cells
.
Professor Liu Mi pointed out that the steps of preparing the nano-vaccine in this study are simple and can be completed in one or a few days (depending on whether freeze-drying is required)
.
The PLGA and urea used in the preparation of the nano-vaccine are all pharmaceutical excipients approved by the FDA, and the prepared nano-vaccine has a simple dosage form
.
These advantages make the nano vaccine safer and convenient for clinical transformation and application
.
And because the nano-vaccine has a simple dosage form, it is convenient for production and quality control of the production process
.
The researchers concluded that this study has found a universal method for preparing cancer vaccines, which can produce nano-vaccine based on cancer cells or tumor tissues.
The nano-vaccine can be used for cancer immunotherapy to prevent the occurrence, recurrence and recurrence of cancer.
Transfer
.
Reference materials: [1] Lin Ma et al.
, (2021) Immunotherapy and prevention of cancer by nanovaccines loaded with whole-cell components of tumour tissues or cells, Advanced Materials, 2021, DOI:10.
1002/adma.
202104849
.
Recently, a research team led by Professor Liu Mi from the Department of Pharmacy of the School of Pharmacy of Soochow University published a research paper online in Advanced Materials, reporting a method for preparing a universal cancer vaccine
.
This method reassembles the whole cell components of cancer cells or tumor tissues into a nano-scale vaccine through PLGA nanoparticles, which is used for the prevention and immunotherapy of various types of cancer
.
The current results obtained in mouse model experiments show that the prepared nano-vaccine can prevent lung cancer 100%, and the prevention and cure rate of melanoma can reach 70%.
In addition, it can effectively treat melanoma and triple-negative breast cancer
.
Professor Liu Mi introduced that the research team has applied for more than 10 international and domestic invention patents for the preparation method of the nano-vaccine, related vaccine system and pharmaceutical dosage system
.
▲(a) Schematic diagram of reorganizing whole cell components of cancer cells or tumor tissues into nano-vaccine; (b) Preparation scheme of reorganizing whole-cell components of cancer cells or tumor tissues into nano-vaccine; (c) Nano vaccine causes cancer cells Diagram of the mechanism of specific immune response
.
(Image source: Reference [1]) According to the researchers, the limitations of traditional vaccine preparation techniques make it impossible to prepare cancer vaccines with whole-cell components of cancer cells and tumor tissues
.
Because many of the non-water-soluble components in the whole cell component cannot be loaded into the vaccine dosage form for effective drug delivery
.
However, a large number of non-water-soluble components (such as membrane proteins) contain many cancer-specific and cancer-related mutations and neo-antigens (Neo-antigens), which can provide important antigens for the immune system to recognize and eliminate cancer cells
.
In order to solve the above limitations, this study used 8M urea to solubilize the non-water-soluble components produced by the lysis of cancer cells or tumor tissues, and loaded both the water-soluble and non-water-soluble components in the nano-vaccine.
The whole cell components of the cell or tumor tissue are reorganized into a nano-vaccine (a and b above)
.
In order to maximize the loading of cancer antigens, whole cell components are loaded on the inside and on the surface of the nano-vaccine at the same time
.
Immune adjuvants and whole-cell components are co-loaded in the nano-vaccine to enhance the ability of the nano-vaccine to activate antigen-specific T cells
.
Antigen-presenting cells (APCs) like to swallow nano-scale substances, so nano-vaccines are more likely to be swallowed by antigen-presenting cells and activate cancer-specific immune responses (above c)
.
The results of cancer prevention experiments show that the nano-vaccine prepared by this method can prevent 100% of lung cancer in mice and 70% of melanoma
.
The results of cancer therapeutic experiments found that the nano-vaccine can effectively treat melanoma and triple-negative breast cancer in mice, and can make some mice (25%) heal
.
The use of anti-PD-1 antibody at the same time can increase the cure rate of the nano-vaccine in the treatment of melanoma tumor-bearing mice to 40%
.
In addition, metformin can further improve the therapeutic effect of nano-vaccine
.
▲The vaccination process and experimental results of the nano-vaccine to prevent lung cancer and melanoma (picture source: reference [1]) Researchers have also explored the mechanism of the nano-vaccine causing a specific immune response
.
They found that the nano-vaccine can efficiently induce tumor-specific T cells, and at the same time activate the adaptive and innate immune response against tumor cells
.
Fluorescence multi-target immunoassay analysis shows that nano-vaccine promotes the formation of tertiary lymphatic structure in the tumor site by increasing the content of immune cells, especially B cells, in the tumor microenvironment.
Recent studies have shown that the formation of tertiary lymphatic structure in the tumor site It is essential for the effect of cancer immunotherapy
.
In addition, the nano-vaccine increased the content of central memory T cells (Tcm), effector memory T cells (Tem) and tissue-resident memory T cells (Trm) in mice
.
In this way, the mice have long-term immune memory that can recognize and kill cancer cells
.
Professor Liu Mi pointed out that the steps of preparing the nano-vaccine in this study are simple and can be completed in one or a few days (depending on whether freeze-drying is required)
.
The PLGA and urea used in the preparation of the nano-vaccine are all pharmaceutical excipients approved by the FDA, and the prepared nano-vaccine has a simple dosage form
.
These advantages make the nano vaccine safer and convenient for clinical transformation and application
.
And because the nano-vaccine has a simple dosage form, it is convenient for production and quality control of the production process
.
The researchers concluded that this study has found a universal method for preparing cancer vaccines, which can produce nano-vaccine based on cancer cells or tumor tissues.
The nano-vaccine can be used for cancer immunotherapy to prevent the occurrence, recurrence and recurrence of cancer.
Transfer
.
Reference materials: [1] Lin Ma et al.
, (2021) Immunotherapy and prevention of cancer by nanovaccines loaded with whole-cell components of tumour tissues or cells, Advanced Materials, 2021, DOI:10.
1002/adma.
202104849
